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The Beginning: Anabolic Steroids Invade American Football
In the 1960 college football season, Missouri coach Dan Devine fretted for one of his most important players, Norman Beal, likewise the team lightweight. The fast junior back was sensational on offense, tremendous on defense, but weighed maybe 160 pounds on a full meal. Then he would sweat out in a practice or game. Beal’s…
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Spotlight
Project Monster
Bodybuilders commonly talk about themselves, and each other, as ‘monsters’. At first, I didn’t think much about this, as I thought that this was just a reference to…
Fitness Culture and IPEDs: Crisis, revolution, and the digital push, 1990-2020
The history of doping is also a history of modernity and the plastic and changeable body. Through ideas about performing bodies, various sports have been successfully modernized since…
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Gym Culture and IPEDs: The pre-history of IPEDs and the golden era of bodybuilding, 1900-1980s
Transforming from a subcultural enterprise that began in greasy, masculine, exclusive basement environments, gym and fitness culture has broadened and developed into…
Anabolicus Maximus? Bodybuilder Disagreements About Insulin
One of the most misunderstood and debated drugs in bodybuilding is insulin. This is because we have no science to act as…
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Excessive Hair Growth in Female Anabolic Steroid Users
The human body is covered in an awful lot of hairs. Many of them, however, are very short, light-colored, and thin, making…
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He-man: ‘I have the power!’ World: ‘We’re not sure you should anymore’
I have heard quite a few bodybuilders say they were inspired by the original He-man of the 1980s. The recent Netflix Masters…
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Measuring Testosterone in Blood Immunoassays
An often requested blood parameter by anabolic steroid users is, not surprisingly, testosterone. However, there appear to be quite some misconceptions about…
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“Oh my, the bigger and more fuller clit is amazing”: Reclaiming the female body through a women-only forum
Introduction Historically, muscles and muscular bodies have been connected to men and masculinity. As a consequence, women´s engagement in muscle building has…
Anabolic Steroid-Induced Growth of the Clitoris (Clitoromegaly)
Anabolic steroids can cause virilization or masculinization in women. That is, they might cause the development of male characteristics. This includes the…
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Thyroid Hormone Effects on Energy Metabolism and Protein Turnover at a Glance
Thyroid hormones are hormones that are secreted by the thyroid. The thyroid is an endocrine gland in the front of your neck…
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